76 records from EconBiz based on author Name

1. Macroeconomic contractions during impressionable years and entrepreneurship in later adulthood

abstract

We argue that past events experienced during the critical ages of 18-25 can influence an individual's future entrepreneurship based on the "impressionable years hypothesis". Accordingly, we empirically investigate the relationship between bad economic conditions during youth and later-life entrepreneurship using Gallup from 2009 to 2014. The identification is achieved through variations across 77 countries and age cohorts born between 1954 and 1989. Our findings indicate that bad economic conditions when young can significantly predict higher entrepreneurship in later life. For example, experiencing at least one economic contraction during youth increases future self-employment/business ownership propensities by about 6/10% at the outcome means. Graduating from college and entering the job market in a bad economy cannot explain our results. Findings are robust to numerous methods of measuring economic contractions and controlling for behavioural measures as well as economic shocks experienced before and after the impressionable years.

Sotirakopoulos, Panagiotis; Guven, Cahit; Ulker, Aydogan; Graham, Carol;
2021
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link

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2. Should bads be inflicted all at once, like Machiavelli said? : evidence from life-satisfaction data

Frijters, Paul; Krekel, Christian; Ulker, Aydogan;
2023
Type: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift; Article in journal;
Availability: Link

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3. A tale of two life stages : the imprinting effect of macroeconomic contractions on later life entrepreneurship

Sotirakopoulos, Panagiotis; Mount, Matthew P.; Guven, Cahit; Ulker, Aydogan; Graham, Carol;
2023
Type: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift; Article in journal;
Availability: Link

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4. Socialized healthcare and women's fertility decisions

Cesur, Resul; Güneş, Pinar Mine; Tekin, Erdal; Ulker, Aydogan;
2023
Type: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift; Article in journal;
Availability: Link

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5. Individual labour market transitions of Australians during and after the National COVID-19 Lockdown

Guven, Cahit; Sotirakopoulos, Panagiotis; Ulker, Aydogan;
2023
Type: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift; Article in journal;
Availability: Link Link Link

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6. Machiavelli versus concave utility functions : should bads be spread out or concentrated?

Frijters, Paul; Krekel, Christian; Ulker, Aydogan;
2020
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link

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7. Short-term labour market effects of COVID-19 and the associated national lockdown in Australia : evidence from longitudinal labour force survey

Guven, Cahit; Sotirakopoulos, Panagiotis; Ulker, Aydogan;
2020
Type: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift; Article in journal;
Availability:

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8. Short-term labour market effects of COVID-19 and the associated national lockdown in Australia : evidence from Longitudinal Labour Force Survey

abstract

We examine the short-term labour market effects of COVID-19 and the associated national lockdown in Australia by estimating person-fixed-effects models using the Longitudinal Labour Force Survey. COVID19 decreased labour force participation (LFP) by 2.1%, increased unemployment by 1.1% and reduced weekly working hours by 1.1. The national lockdown decreased LFP by 3.3%, increased unemployment by 1.7%, and decreased weekly working hours by 2.5. The probability of working on Fridays decreased by 10% while working fewer hours due to being on leave, work shifts, not having enough work and losing jobs all increased due to the lockdown. The pandemic and the lockdown increased underemployment and job search efforts significantly. In terms of heterogeneity of these effects, our analysis shows that those with up to high-school education experienced larger reductions in their LFP and working hours than others. However, immigrants and individuals with shorter job tenure or occupations unsuitable for remote work were hit the hardest in terms of unemployment.

Guven, Cahit; Sotirakopoulos, Panagiotis; Ulker, Aydogan;
2020
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link

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9. Machiavelli versus concave utility functions : should bads be spread out or concentrated?

abstract

Is wellbeing higher if the same number of negative events is spread out rather than bunched in time? Should positive events be spread out or bunched? We answer these questions exploiting quarterly data on six positive and twelve negative life events in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel. Accounting for selection, anticipation, and adaptation, we find a tipping point when it comes to negative events: once people experience about two negative events, their wellbeing depreciates disproportionally as more and more events occur in a given period. For positive events, effects are weakly decreasing in size. So both the good and the bad should be spread out rather than bunched in time, corresponding to the classic economic presumption of concave utility rather than Machiavelli's prescript of inflicting all injuries at once. Yet, differences are small, with complete smoothing of all negative events over all people and periods calculated to yield no more than a 12% reduction in the total negative welbeing impact of negative events.

Frijters, Paul; Krekel, Christian; Ulker, Aydogan;
2020
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link Link

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10. Socialized healthcare and women's fertility decisions

abstract

This paper examines the effect of a nationwide healthcare reform implemented in Turkey on women's fertility decisions. The Family Medicine Program (FMP), introduced in 2005, provided a wide-range of primary healthcare services, free of charge, and achieved universal access by matching each citizen to a specific family physician, who operates at neighborhood clinics, called Family Health Centers, on a walk-in basis. Although reducing fertility was not specified among the goals of the reform, reproductive-health and family-planning services have been covered under the FMP. To establish causality, we exploit the staggered rollout of the FMP implementation across Turkish provinces over time using a difference-in-differences estimation strategy. Our estimates indicate that the FMP significantly reduced childbearing among both teenagers and women ages 20-29. These results can be explained by increased access to and reduced cost of reproductive-health and family-planning services. However, the patterns in which the program effect has evolved over time differs between the two groups of women in a way that provides additional insights about the mechanisms. For teenagers, the FMP had a direct effect on childbearing, reflected by an immediate and rapidly-increasing pattern, which is not surprising given the broad agreement about the negative consequences of teenage childbearing among government and public health officials, including those in Turkey. For women ages 20-29, however, the program had a gradual and slowly-increasing effect, which is consistent with an empowerment channel. This should be interpreted as an unintended consequence of the program because, if anything, Turkey is a country where the government's position is to encourage fertility behavior and discourage birth control practices among women at prime childbearing ages.

Cesur, Resul; Güneş, Pinar Mine; Tekin, Erdal; Ulker, Aydogan;
2019
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link Link

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