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Die deutsche Wirtschaft erlebt einen Boom. Die Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitute haben ihre Bilanz für das Jahr 2017 auf über 2 % Wachstum angehoben und auch 2018 werden hohe Wachstumsraten erwartet. Es herrscht Optimismus trotz des Ausstiegs Großbritanniens aus der EU, des drohenden Protektionismus und der schwierigen Regierungsbildung in Deutschland. Technologische Neuerungen bestimmen den Blick in die Zukunft: Industrie, Handel und Dienstleistungen müssen auf die Digitalisierung reagieren - von Elektromobilität und autonomem Fahren über die Nutzung der Künstlichen Intelligenz bis zur Ausbreitung des Online-Handels.
Das vergangene Jahr 2016 war in den einzelnen Wirtschaftsbranchen unterschiedlich erfolgreich. Insgesamt ist das Bruttoinlandspro dukt um 1,8% gestiegen. Die Aussichten für 2017 sind gleichbleibend, aber mit großen Unsicherheiten behaftet. Vor allem das Ergebnis der US-Wahl und der kommende Brexit lassen protektionistische Tendenzen befürchten. Für die exportorientierte deutsche Wirtschaft ist das besonders ungünstig. Daher wird von den befragten Verbandsvertretern eher ein gedämpftes Wachstum erwartet.
Für das vergangene Jahr 2015 wird mit einem mäßigen Aufschwung gerechnet, der sich auch 2016 fortsetzt. Nach wie vor gefährden geopolitische Risiken und die nachlassende konjunkturelle Dynamik in den Schwellenländern die Entwicklung der Ausfuhren, der geringe Ölpreis und der niedrige Eurowechselkurs werden aber positiv bewertet. Binnenwirtschaftlich wird von der Digitalisierung der Industrie viel erwartet, die geringen Investitionen und die aufgrund der Energiewende gestiegenen Energiekosten stellen sich aber als ein Problem dar. Die Versicherungswirtschaft leidet nach wie vor unter den niedrigen Zinssätzen.
The information on the author is retrieved from: Entity Facts (by DNB = German National Library data service), DBPedia and Wikidata
Benedictus de Spinoza
Alternative spellings: Benedictus Spinoza Benedictus Baruch de Spinoza Benedict Spinoza Benedict von Spinoza Benedict de Spinoza B. de Spinoza B. Spinoza Benedikt Spinoza Benedikt de Spinoza Benedikt von Spinoza Benediktus von Spinoza Benodicirct de Spinoza Baruch Benedictus de Spinoza Baruch Benedictus von Spinoza Baruch von Spinoza Baruch Spinoza Bārûḵ Spînôzā Bārûḵ Ben-Miḵaʾel Spînôzā Baruj Spinoza Benoît de Spinoza Ben-Michael Spinoza Bento de Spinoza Spinoza Bénédict Spinosa Bénédict de Spinosa Benedictus de Spinosa Benedikt von Spinosa Benedikt Spinosa Benoit de Spinosa Benoît Spinosa Barukh Shpinozah Barukh ben Mikhaʾel Shpinozah B. d. S. Baruh D'Espinoza Benedictus Despinoza Despinoza Benedictus Baruch de Espinosa Bento de Espinosa Baruch de Espinoza Baruh d' Espinoza Bārūh Ispīnūzā B. D. S. B.D.S. Baruch von Spinoza Baruch de Spinoza Benedikt von Spinoza Lucius Antistius Constans Lucius A. Constans Sibinnuosuo Baruch de Spinoza Baruch de Spinoza Бенедикт Спиноза בנדיקטוס דה שפינוזה ברוך בן מיכאל דה שפינוזה باروخ اسپینوزا باروخ سبينوزا ברוך שפינוזה ברוך שפינאזע
B:24. November 1632Amsterdam D: 21. Februar 1677 Death Place:
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Baruch (de) Spinoza (born Bento de Espinosa; later as an author and a correspondent Benedictus de Spinoza, anglicized to Benedict de Spinoza; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677) was a philosopher of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin, born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. One of the foremost exponents of 17th-century Rationalism and one of the early and seminal thinkers of the Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism including modern conceptions of the self and the universe, he came to be considered "one of the most important philosophers—and certainly the most radical—of the early modern period." Inspired by Stoicism, Jewish Rationalism, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Descartes, and a variety of heterodox religious thinkers of his day, Spinoza became a leading philosophical figure of the Dutch Golden Age. Spinoza's given name, which means "Blessed", varies among different languages. In Hebrew, his full name is written ברוך שפינוזה. In most of the documents and records contemporary with Spinoza's years within the Jewish community, his name is given as Bento, Portuguese for "Blessed". In his works in Latin, he used the name "Benedictus de Spinoza". Spinoza was raised in the Portuguese-Jewish community of Amsterdam. He developed highly controversial ideas regarding the authenticity of the Hebrew Bible and the nature of the Divine. Jewish religious authorities issued a herem (חרם) against him, causing him to be effectively expelled and shunned by Jewish society at age 23, including by his own family. He was frequently called an "atheist" by contemporaries, although nowhere in his work does Spinoza argue against the existence of God. Spinoza lived an outwardly simple life as an optical lens grinder, collaborating on microscope and telescope lens designs with Constantijn and Christiaan Huygens. He turned down rewards and honours throughout his life, including prestigious teaching positions. He died at the age of 44 in 1677 from a lung illness, perhaps tuberculosis or silicosis exacerbated by the inhalation of fine glass dust while grinding lenses. He is buried in the Christian churchyard of Nieuwe Kerk in The Hague. In June 1678—just over a year after Spinoza's death—the States of Holland banned his entire works, since they "contain very many profane, blasphemous and atheistic propositions." The prohibition included the owning, reading, distribution, copying, and restating of Spinoza's books, and even the reworking of his fundamental ideas. Shortly after (1679/1690) his books were added to the Catholic Church's Index of Forbidden Books. Spinoza's philosophy encompasses nearly every area of philosophical discourse, including metaphysics, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science. It earned Spinoza an enduring reputation as one of the most important and original thinkers of the seventeenth century. Spinoza's philosophy is largely contained in two books: the Theologico-Political Treatise, and the Ethics. The rest of the writings we have from Spinoza are either earlier or incomplete works expressing thoughts that were crystallized in the two aforementioned books (e.g., the Short Treatise and the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect), or else they are not directly concerned with Spinoza's own philosophy (e.g., The Principles of Cartesian Philosophy and The Hebrew Grammar). He also left behind many letters that help to illuminate his ideas and provide some insight into what may have been motivating his views. The Theologico-Political Treatise was published during his lifetime, but the work which contains the entirety of his philosophical system in its most rigorous form, the Ethics, was published posthumously in the year of his death. The work opposed Descartes's philosophy of mind–body dualism and earned Spinoza recognition as one of Western philosophy's most important thinkers. (Source: DBPedia)
Baruch (de) Spinoza (born Bento de Espinosa; later as an author and a correspondent Benedictus de Spinoza, anglicized to Benedict de Spinoza; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677) was a philosopher of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin, born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. One of the foremost exponents of 17th-century Rationalism and one of the early and seminal thinkers of the Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism including modern conceptions of the self and the universe, he came to be considered "one of the most important philosophers—and certainly the most radical—of the early modern period." Inspired by Stoicism, Jewish Rationalism, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Descartes, and a variety of heterodox religious thinkers of his day, Spinoza became a leading philosophical figure of the Dutch Golden Age. Spinoza's given name, which means "Blessed", varies among different languages. In Hebrew, his full name is written ברוך שפינוזה. In most of the documents and records contemporary with Spinoza's years within the Jewish community, his name is given as Bento, Portuguese for "Blessed". In his works in Latin, he used the name "Benedictus de Spinoza". Spinoza was raised in the Portuguese-Jewish community of Amsterdam. He developed highly controversial ideas regarding the authenticity of the Hebrew Bible and the nature of the Divine. Jewish religious authorities issued a herem (חרם) against him, causing him to be effectively expelled and shunned by Jewish society at age 23, including by his own family. He was frequently called an "atheist" by contemporaries, although nowhere in his work does Spinoza argue against the existence of God. Spinoza lived an outwardly simple life as an optical lens grinder, collaborating on microscope and telescope lens designs with Constantijn and Christiaan Huygens. He turned down rewards and honours throughout his life, including prestigious teaching positions. He died at the age of 44 in 1677 from a lung illness, perhaps tuberculosis or silicosis exacerbated by the inhalation of fine glass dust while grinding lenses. He is buried in the Christian churchyard of Nieuwe Kerk in The Hague. In June 1678—just over a year after Spinoza's death—the States of Holland banned his entire works, since they "contain very many profane, blasphemous and atheistic propositions." The prohibition included the owning, reading, distribution, copying, and restating of Spinoza's books, and even the reworking of his fundamental ideas. Shortly after (1679/1690) his books were added to the Catholic Church's Index of Forbidden Books. Spinoza's philosophy encompasses nearly every area of philosophical discourse, including metaphysics, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science. It earned Spinoza an enduring reputation as one of the most important and original thinkers of the seventeenth century. Spinoza's philosophy is largely contained in two books: the Theologico-Political Treatise, and the Ethics. The rest of the writings we have from Spinoza are either earlier or incomplete works expressing thoughts that were crystallized in the two aforementioned books (e.g., the Short Treatise and the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect), or else they are not directly concerned with Spinoza's own philosophy (e.g., The Principles of Cartesian Philosophy and The Hebrew Grammar). He also left behind many letters that help to illuminate his ideas and provide some insight into what may have been motivating his views. The Theologico-Political Treatise was published during his lifetime, but the work which contains the entirety of his philosophical system in its most rigorous form, the Ethics, was published posthumously in the year of his death. The work opposed Descartes's philosophy of mind–body dualism and earned Spinoza recognition as one of Western philosophy's most important thinkers. (Source: DBPedia)
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