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B:5. Oktober 1936Prag D: 18. Dezember 2011 Biblio: Tschech. Schriftsteller und Politiker; Dissident, Mitbegründer der "Charta 77"; Vorstandsmitglied der Obec spisovatelů/Schriftstellergemeinde; Mitbegründer des OF (Bürgerforum); Präsident d. Tschechoslowakei und Tschechischen Republik. Unterzeichner der Charta 77. Karlspreisträger. Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes (Sonderstufe des Großkreuzes), des Weißen Adlerordens, des Ordens des Marienland-Kreuzes (Collane), des Nationalen Ordens vom Kreuz des Südens (Großkreuz mit Ordenskette), des Verdienstordens der Italienischen Republik (Großkreuz mit Ordenskette), des Verdienstordens der Republik Ungarn (Großkreuz mit Ordenskette), des Drei-Sterne-Ordens (Großkreuz mit Ordenskette), des Ordens des Weißen Löwen (Collane), des Friedenspreises des Deutschen Buchhandels, des österreichischen Ehrenzeichens für Wissenschaft und Kunst, des Österreichischen Staatspreises für Europäische Literatur, der Presidential Medal of Freedom, des Tomáš-Garrigue-Masaryk-Ordens (1. Klasse), des Ordens des Weißen Doppelkreuzes 1. Klasse, des Ordens des Fürsten Jaroslaw des Weisen (III. Klasse), des Vytautas-Magnus-Ordens (Großkreuz), des Ordens des Befreiers San Martin, des Ordens der Freiheit (Collane) und des Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Komtur). Honorary Knight Grand Cross des Order of the Bath. Mitglied der Ehrenlegion (Großkreuz). Karl-Renner-Preisträger. Träger des Theodor-Heuss-Preises. Ehrenmitglied des Club of Rome. Ehrenbürger von Bratislava. Ehrenbürger von Breslau, Prag und Budapest. Ehrendoktor der Universität Haifa, der Universität Warschau, der Hebräischen Universität Jerusalem, der Bar-Ilan-Universität, Ramat Gan und der Technischen Universität Dresden. Concordia-Preisträger. ; Schriftsteller, Politiker Death Place:
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Václav Havel OC (Czech pronunciation: [ˈvaːtslav ˈɦavɛl]; 5 October 1936 – 18 December 2011) was a Czech statesman, author, poet, playwright, and former dissident. Havel served as the last president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992 and then as the first president of the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2003 and was the first democratically elected president of either country after the fall of communism. As a writer of Czech literature, he is known for his plays, essays, and memoirs. His educational opportunities having been limited by his bourgeois background, when freedoms were limited by the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, Havel first rose to prominence as a playwright. In works such as The Garden Party and The Memorandum, Havel used an absurdist style to criticize the Communist system. After participating in the Prague Spring and being blacklisted after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, he became more politically active and helped found several dissident initiatives, including Charter 77 and the Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Prosecuted. His political activities brought him under the surveillance of the StB secret police, and he spent multiple periods as a political prisoner, the longest of his imprisoned terms being nearly four years, between 1979 and 1983. Havel's Civic Forum party played a major role in the Velvet Revolution that toppled the Communist system in Czechoslovakia in 1989. He assumed the presidency shortly thereafter, and was re-elected in a landslide the following year and after Slovak independence in 1993. Havel was instrumental in dismantling the Warsaw Pact and enlargement of NATO membership eastward. Many of his stances and policies, such as his opposition to Slovak independence, condemnation of the treatment of Sudeten Germans, such as the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II, and granting of general amnesty to all those imprisoned under the Communist era, were very controversial domestically. By the end of his presidency, he enjoyed greater popularity abroad than at home. Havel continued his life as a public intellectual after his presidency, launching several initiatives including the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism, the VIZE 97 Foundation, and the Forum 2000 annual conference. Havel's political philosophy was one of anti-consumerism, humanitarianism, environmentalism, civil activism, and direct democracy. He supported the Czech Green Party from 2004 until his death. He received numerous accolades during his lifetime, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Gandhi Peace Prize, the Philadelphia Liberty Medal, the Order of Canada, the Four Freedoms Award, the Ambassador of Conscience Award, and the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award. The 2012–2013 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour. He is considered by some to be one of the most important intellectuals of the 20th century. The international airport in Prague was renamed Václav Havel Airport Prague in 2012. (Source: DBPedia)
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