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218 records from EconBiz based on author Name
1. Using international migration links for early detection of COVID-19 risk exposure in low- and middle-income countries
Khan, Mahreen; Ahsan, Reshad; Iqbal, Kazi; Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq; Shonchoy, Abu;2023
Type: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift; Article in journal;
Availability: Link Link
Citations: 1 (based on OpenCitations)
2. Causes and consequences of state violence against civilians : the Rohingya of Myanmar
abstractWhile the United Nations describes Myanmar's oppression of the Rohingya as "a textbook example of ethnic cleansing" (UN, 2017), the state maintains that the violence was idiosyncratic and not motivated by anti-Rohingya animus. We assemble existing and original large-sample data to evaluate these claims. First, we document systematic economic motives: violence against minority civilians increased in places suitable for rice cultivation when rice prices were high. Correspondingly, in an original representative survey of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh we find substantial losses of agricultural land, inputs, and inventories. Next, using a vector auto-regression approach, we find that state violence was consistent with Rohingya-specific animus. The state attacked substantially more than the Rohingya militia, targeted civilians disproportionately relative to other ethnic conflicts in Myanmar, and leveraged nationalist religious ideology. Finally, we document high rates of trauma exposure and depression among Rohingya refugees. Together, these results strongly rebut the government's narrative and illustrate how quantitative tools can shed light on episodes of ethnic cleansing.
Davis, C. Austin; Lopez-Pena, Paula; Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq; Wen, Jaya;2023
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link Link Link
3. Formalizing dispute resolution : effects of village courts in Bangladesh
abstractDisagreements over business deals, land boundaries, or loan non-repayment are very common sources of disputes, and courts are congested in developing countries. We evaluate the effects of the government introducing formal "village courts" (VCs) in rural Bangladesh using a randomized controlled trial with a pre-analysis plan. VCs were designed to improve dispute resolution and relieve the pressure on congested district courts. We find that VCs are more of a substitute for the ubiquitous informal dispute resolution mechanism (DRM) called shalish. VCs become functional and active in treated areas, but shalish remains the primary preferred DRM in both treatment and control areas. The elected leaders in charge of implementing VCs are also involved in settling shalish cases, and the potential of VCs is limited by the constraints on their time. There is some substitution from shalish to VC, but the district court congestion and downstream village economic activities, social dynamics, and political attitudes remain unaffected. The decentralized, diffuse shalish system is a better fit given the aggregate demand for dispute resolution, and it will not be possible for VCs to supplant this informal institution without additional investments in human resources to enhance VC capacity.
Mattsson, Martin; Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq;2023
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link Link Link
4. To use financial incentives or not? : insights from experiments in encouraging sanitation investments in four countries
Gechter, Michael; Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq;2025
Type: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift; Article in journal;
Availability:
Link 5. Agricultural productivity and deforestation : evidence from Brazil
abstractWhen agricultural productivity improves, farmers may react by expanding farming and further encroach on forest lands, or they may choose to intensify and produce more output with less land. We specify the conditions under which agricultural productivity can have such ambiguous effects on deforestation. We then examine the predictions of that model using county-level data from five waves of the Brazilian Census of Agriculture and satellite-based measures of land use. We identify productivity shocks using exogenous variation in rural electrification in Brazil during 1960-2000. We show that locations suitable for hydropower generation experienced improvements in crop yields, and that credit-constrained farmers subsequently shifted away from land-intensive cattle-grazing and into cropping. As a result, agricultural land use declines, more native vegetation is protected, and these effects persist 25 years later in both census and satellite data. Brazil's deforestation rate would have been almost twice as large between 1970 and 2000 without that increase in agricultural productivity. That makes the conservation benefits of productivity improvements comparable to the most prominent conservation packages ever implemented in Brazil.
Szerman, Dmitri; Assunção, Juliano J.; Lipscomb, Molly; Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq;2022
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link Link Link
6. Restrictions on migration create gender inequality : the story of China's left-behind children
abstractAbout 11% of the Chinese population are rural-urban migrants, and the vast majority of them (124 million people) possess a rural hukou which severely restrict their children's access to urban public schools. As a result, 61 million children are left behind in rural areas. We use a regression-discontinuity design based on school enrollment age cutoffs to document that migrants are significantly more likely to leave middle-school-aged daughters behind in poor rural areas without either parent present when schooling becomes expensive, compared to middle-school-aged sons. The effect is larger when the daughter has a male sibling. Migrant parents send significantly less remittances back to daughters than sons. Migrants from rural areas adjacent to cities with more restrictive hukou policies are more likely to separate from children as new job opportunities arise in nearby cities due to trade-induced shocks to labor demand. This produces a shift-share IV strategy, when paired with a longitudinal dataset shows that those children complete 3 fewer years of schooling, are 41% more likely to fail high school entrance exams, have worse mental and physical health, and remain poor as adults. Although China's hukou mobility restrictions are not gender-specific in intent, they have larger adverse effects on girls.
Gao, Xuwen; Liang, Wenquan; Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq; Song, Ran;2022
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link Link Link
7. Rural-urban migration and the re-organization of agriculture
abstractThis paper studies the response of agricultural production to rural labor loss during the process of urbanization. Using household microdata from India and exogenous variation in migration induced by urban income shocks interacted with distance to cities, we document sharp declines in crop production among migrant-sending households residing near cities. Households with migration opportunities do not substitute agricultural labour with capital, nor do they adopt new agricultural machinery. Instead, they divest from agriculture altogether and cultivate less land. We use a two-sector general equilibrium model with crop and land markets to trace the ensuing spatial reorganization of agriculture. Other non-migrant village residents expand farming (land market channel) and farmers in more remote villages with fewer migration opportunities adopt yield-enhancing technologies and produce more crops (crop market channel). Counterfactual simulations show that over half of the aggregate food production losses driven by urbanization is mitigated by these spillovers. This leads to a spatial reorganization in which food production moves away from urban areas and towards remote areas with low emigration.
Madhok, Raahil; Noack, Frederik; Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq; Deschênes, Olivier;2022
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link Link Link
8. More roads or public transit? : insights from measuring city-center accessibility
abstractWe propose a theory-inspired measure of the accessibility of a city's center: the size of the surrounding area from which it can be reached within a specific time. Using publicly-available optimal routing software, we compute these "accessibility zones" for the 109 largest American and European cities, separately for cars and public transit commutes. Compared to European cities, US cities are half as accessible via public transit and twice as accessible via cars. Car accessibility zones are always larger than public transit zones, making US cities more accessible overall. However, US cities' car orientation comes at the cost of less green space, more congestion, and worse health and pollution externalities.
Conwell, Lucas; Eckert, Fabian; Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq;2022
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link Link Link
9. Rural-urban migration and the re-organization of agriculture
Madhok, Raahil; Noack, Frederik; Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq; Deschênes, Olivier;2022
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability:
Link Link 10. Refugees are hosted in highly vulnerable communities
Davis, C. Austin; López-Peña, Paula; Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq; Wen, Jaya;2024
Type: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift; Article in journal;
Availability: Link Link
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