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290 records from EconBiz based on author Name
1. Subjective beliefs, health, and health behaviors
Sloan, Frank A.;2024
Type: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift; Article in journal;
Availability:
Link 2. Drinking and Driving
abstractDriving while intoxicated causes many traffic accidents and deaths. Two decisions are closely related, whether to engage in heavy drinking, and to drive, conditional on heavy drinking. This paper reviews the extensive literature on heavy drinking, addiction, and driving after heavy drinking. Relevant public policies involve a combination of deterrence, incapacitation, and treatment. While there is empirical support for the rational addiction model applied to heavy drinking, some attributes of drinker-drivers differ from others (e.g., impulsivity in domains other than alcohol consumption, hyperbolic discounting). Policies most effective in reducing drinking and driving are alcohol excise taxes, minimum drinking age and zero tolerance laws for underage persons, dram shop and social host liability, and criminal sanctions overall. Empirical studies have not determined which specific criminal sanctions are most effective. A major impediment to criminal sanctions as a deterrent is that the probability of being stopped/arrested when driving while intoxicated is extremely low, < 0.01 to 0.02 at most, further reduced by probability of conviction/sentencing following stop/arrest far below 1. Incarceration lengths tend to be too short to incapacitate people from drinking and driving. Alcohol treatment's effectiveness is limited by low treatment rates among persons for whom treatment is appropriate
Sloan, Frank A.;2020
Availability: Link Link
Citations: 3 (based on OpenCitations)
3. Drinking and driving
Sloan, Frank A.;2020
Type: Graue Literatur; Non-commercial literature; Arbeitspapier; Working Paper;
Availability: Link
4. Living Rationally Under the Volcano? An Empirical Analysis of Heavy Drinking and Smoking
abstractThis study investigates whether models of forward-looking behavior explain the observed patterns of heavy drinking and smoking of men in late middle age in the Health and Retirement Study better than myopic models. We develop and estimate a sequence of nested models which differ by their degree of forward-looking behavior. We also study models which allow for heterogeneity in discounting, and thus test whether certain types of individuals are more likely to show forward-looking behavior than other types. Our empirical findings suggest that forward-looking models with an annual discount factor of approximately 0.78 fit the data the best. These models also dominate other behavioral models based on out-of-sample predictions using data of men aged 70 and over. Myopic models predict rates of smoking and drinking for old individuals which are significantly larger than those found in the data on elderly men
Arcidiacono, Peter; Sieg, Holger; Sloan, Frank A.;2022
Availability: Link
5. Are Alcohol Excise Taxes Good for Us? Short and Long-Term Effects on Mortality Rates
abstractRegression results from a 30-year panel of the state-level data indicate that changes in alcohol-excise taxes cause a reduction in drinking and lower all-cause mortality in the short run. But those results do not fully capture the long-term mortality effects of a permanent change in drinking levels. In particular, since moderate drinking has a protective effect against heart disease in middle age, it is possible that a reduction in per capita drinking will result in some people drinking "too little" and dying sooner than they otherwise would. To explore that possibility, we simulate the effect of a one percent reduction in drinking on all-cause mortality for the age group 35-69, using several alternative assumptions about how the reduction is distributed across this population. We find that the long-term mortality effect of a one percent reduction in drinking is essentially nil
Cook, Philip J.; Ostermann, Jan; Sloan, Frank A.;2021
Availability: Link
6. Does Where You are Admitted Make a Difference? An Analysis of Medicare Data
abstractThis study investigated whether the type of hospital in which a Medicare beneficiary is admitted for hip fracture, stroke, coronary heart disease, or congestive heart failure matters in terms of amount and timing of Medicare payments and survival. In total, government hospitals were the least expensive for Medicare, with major teaching hospitals being most expensive within 6 months of admission after the index even. Survival was best in major teaching hospitals. When considering payments subsequent to those for the initial hospitalization, Medicare spent more for patients admitted to for-profit hospitals than for those admitted to other non-teaching facilities survival. Payments on behalf of patients treated in for-profit hospitals were higher for Medicare Part B and home health, especially during the first two months following discharge from the initial hospital. Results of our research suggest that Medicare has a definite financial interest in where Medicare beneficiaries are admitted for their hospital care
Sloan, Frank A.; Picone, Gabriel; Taylor, Donald H.; Chou, Shin-Yi;2021
Availability: Link
7. Hospital Ownership and Cost and Quality of Care : is There a Dime'S Worth of Difference?
abstractThis paper compares cost and quality of care for Medicare patients hospitalized in for-profit hospitals contrasted with those in nonprofit and government hospitals following admission for hip fracture, stroke, coronary heart disease, or congestive heart failure. Cost of care in for-profit hospitals was similar to that of nonprofits, but patients admitted to government hospitals incurred less Medicare payments on average. There were only small differences in survival between for-profit, nonprofit, and government hospitals. Other measures of quality, including living in the community and activity of daily living limitations after index admission, show trivial differences by hospital ownership type. Between private sector hospital types (for-profit and nonprofit) there is indeed not a dime's worth of difference between the two in terms of cost to Medicare and patient outcome
Sloan, Frank A.; Picone, Gabriel; Taylor, Donald H.; Chou, Shin-Yi;2021
Availability: Link
8. The impact of income-related medicare part b premiums on labor supply
Ayyagari, Padmaja; Sloan, Frank A.;2021
Type: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift; Article in journal;
Availability: Link Link Link
Citations: 2 (based on OpenCitations)
9. Drinking and Driving
abstractDriving while intoxicated causes many traffic accidents and deaths. Two decisions are closely related, whether to engage in heavy drinking, and to drive, conditional on heavy drinking. This paper reviews the extensive literature on heavy drinking, addiction, and driving after heavy drinking. Relevant public policies involve a combination of deterrence, incapacitation, and treatment. While there is empirical support for the rational addiction model applied to heavy drinking, some attributes of drinker-drivers differ from others (e.g., impulsivity in domains other than alcohol consumption, hyperbolic discounting). Policies most effective in reducing drinking and driving are alcohol excise taxes, minimum drinking age and zero tolerance laws for underage persons, dram shop and social host liability, and criminal sanctions overall. Empirical studies have not determined which specific criminal sanctions are most effective. A major impediment to criminal sanctions as a deterrent is that the probability of being stopped/arrested when driving while intoxicated is extremely low, < 0.01 to 0.02 at most, further reduced by probability of conviction/sentencing following stop/arrest far below 1. Incarceration lengths tend to be too short to incapacitate people from drinking and driving. Alcohol treatment's effectiveness is limited by low treatment rates among persons for whom treatment is appropriate.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at "http://www.nber.org/papers/w26779"
Sloan, Frank A.;2020
Availability: Link
10. Preventable Deaths Declined More in Medicaid Expansion States
abstractThe Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) expansion of Medicaid in 2014 has improved access to care, but data on its impact on health and mortality is limited. In this study, we use U.S. mortality data from 2011 to 2017 to analyze trends in mortality among adults ages 25-64 before and after Medicaid expansion. We analyze both all-cause mortality and mortality from causes considered amenable to health care and compare states that did and did not expand Medicaid. We found that while all-cause mortality rose steadily for non-elderly adults between 2013 and 2017, health care amenable mortality fell 68% more (-3.70% vs. -2.20%) in states that expanded Medicaid compared to those that did not. Although trends varied widely by state, Medicaid expansion states comprised 13 of the 15 states with the largest reductions in health care amenable mortality. The data suggest that Medicaid expansion may have prevented premature deaths during a period of rising overall mortality
Yan, Brandon W.; Guo, Felicia; Sloan, Frank A.; Dudley, R. Adams;2020
Availability: Link Link
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